Install Code::Blocks 16.01 and MinGW with g++ using codeblocks-16.01mingw-setup.exe

Get Stroustrup's Programming Principles and Practice code.

A bad pdf of the Schaum's book. Buy the hardcopy too. You can get the source code here.

Bjarne Soustrup talks up C++

OpenCourseWare WikiUniversity

cforbeginners: http://cforbeginners.com/insertionsort.html on insertion sort.

Some information about inheritance, etc:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/453738/inheritance-or-composition-rely-on-is-a-and-has-a

http://www.learncpp.com/cpp-tutorial/112-basic-inheritance-in-c/

Here's a much better pdf of a much better book: Bjarne Stroustrup (the creator of C++)
The C++ Programming Language (3rd ed.)

What is a dangling pointer?

Guidelines for Class Design
Dynamic Memory Allocation

What is OpenGL?

http://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp/full-text/book/book-Z-H-4.html

Here's an interesting algorithm worthy of your consideration: ECDSA